लवङ्गम् / लवङ्ग पुष्पकलिका - Lavangam / Lavanga Pushpakalika
Scientific Name: Syzygium aromaticum / Eugenia aromatica / Eugenia caryophyllata / Caryophyllus aromaticus
Hindi Name: लौंग / लवङ्ग फूल की कली - Loung / Loung phul ki kali
English Name: Clove / Clove flower buds
Category: Plant Parts
Sub-Category: पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds
Out of Stock
Brief Description
Aromatic Flowerbud used to treat pittkaphaja Diseases.
अभिधानरत्नमाला - ५. कटुस्कन्ध
लवङ्गपुष्पं श्रीपुष्पं भृङ्गाह्वं केशरं लवम् | वराराङ्गं देवकुसुमं दिव्यं चन्दनपुष्पकम् ||९||
अष्टाङ्गनिघण्टु - २७. विप्रकीर्ण प्रकरण
लवङ्गं देवकुसुमं कुसुमं शेखरं लवम् ||३०१||
निष्पत्रं च महापुष्पं स्वर्गपुष्पं वरालकम् |
कैयदेवनिघण्टु - १. ओषधिवर्ग
लवङ्गं देवकुसुमं भृङ्गारं शिखरं लवम् | श्रीपुष्पं वारिजं श्राव्यं दिव्यं चन्दनपुष्पकम् ||१३३३||
लवङ्गं कटुकं तिक्तं रूक्षं हृद्यं हिमं लघु | चक्षुष्यं पाचनं हन्ति शूलानाहक्षतक्षयान् ||१३३४||
कफपितास्रतृट्कासश्वासाध्माविषपीनसान् |१३३५|
धन्वन्तरिनिघण्टु - ३. चन्दनादिवर्ग
लवङ्गं देवकुसुमं भृङ्गारं शिखरं लवम् | दिव्यं चन्दनपुष्पं च श्रीपुष्पं वारिसम्भवम् ||४२||
लवङ्गं कुसुमं हृद्यं शीतलं पित्तनाशनम् | चक्षुष्यं विषहृद्वृष्यं माङ्गल्यं मूर्धरोगहृत् ||४३||
निघण्टुशेष - १. वृक्षकाण्ड
लवङ्गे शिखरं दिव्यं भृङ्गारं वारिजं लवम् ||३५||
श्रीपुष्पं श्र्याह्वयं देवपुष्पं चन्दनपुष्पकम् |३६|
निघण्टुशेषटीका व्याख्या (श्रीवल्लभगणि कृत)
लूग्श् छेदने लूयते लवङ्गम्, पति-तमि- [हैमोणादिसू. ९८] इत्यङ्गः, तत्र| शाखृ व्याप्तौ शाखति शिखरम्, शाखेरिदेतौ चातः [हैमोणादिसू. ४००] इत्यरः, धातोराकारस्य चेकारः; शिखराकारत्वाद्वा| दिवि भवं दिव्यम्, द्युप्रागपागुदक्प्रतीचो यः [सिद्ध. ६.३.८] इति यः| भ्रियते भृङ्गारम्, द्वार-शृङ्गार- [हैमोणादिसू. ४११] इत्यारे निपात्यते| वारिणि-जले जातं वारिजम्, क्वचित् [सिद्ध. ५.१.१७१] इति डः| लूयते लवम्||३५||
श्रियाः पुष्पं श्रीपुष्पम्| श्रिया आह्वयो यस्य तत् श्र्याह्वयम्| देवं-द्युतिमद् देवानां वा पुष्पं देवपुष्पम्| चन्दनस्य पुष्पं चन्दनपुष्पम्, स्वार्थिके के चन्दनपुष्पकम्| आह च–
लवङ्गं देवकुसुमं भृङ्गारं शिखरं लवम्|
दिव्यं चन्दनपुष्पं च श्रीपुष्पं वारिसम्भवम्|| इति| एतस्य लोके लवङ्ग इति प्रसिद्धिः|
भावप्रकाश-पूर्वखण्ड-मिश्रप्रकरण - ३. कर्पूरादिवर्ग
लवङ्गं देवकुसुमं श्रीसंज्ञं श्रीप्रसूनकम् |
लवङ्गं कटुकं तिक्तं लघु नेत्रहितं हिमम् | दीपनं पाचनं रुच्यं कफपित्तास्रनाशकृत् ||५१||
तृष्णां छर्दिं तथाध्मानं शूलमाशु विनाशयेत् | कासं श्वासञ्च हिक्काञ्च क्षयं क्षययति ध्रुवम् ||५२||
मदनपालनिघण्टु - ३. कर्पूरादिवर्ग
लवङ्गं शिखरं दिव्यं लवं चन्दनपुष्पकम् | श्रीपुष्पं देवकुसुमं भृङ्गारं वारिसम्भवम् ||२१||
लवङ्गं लघु चक्षुष्यं हृद्यं दीपनपाचनम् | शूलानाहकफश्वासकासच्छर्दिक्षयापहम् ||२२||
राजनिघण्टु - १२. चन्दनादिवर्ग
लवङ्गकलिका दिव्यं लवङ्गं शेखरं लवम् | श्रीपुष्पं देवकुसुमं रुचिरं वारिसम्भवम् ||८१||
तीक्ष्णपुष्पं तु भृङ्गाङ्गी गीर्वाणकुसुमं तथा | पुष्पकं चन्दनादि स्याज्ज्ञेयं च द्वादशाह्वयम् ||८२||
लवङ्गं शीतलं तिक्तं चक्षुष्यं भक्तरोचनम् | वातपित्तकफघ्नञ्च तीक्ष्णं मूर्धरुजापहम् ||८३||
लवङ्गं सोष्णकं तीक्ष्णं विपाके मधुरं हिमम् | वातपित्तकफामघ्नं क्षयकासास्रदोषनुत् ||८४||
राजवल्लभनिघण्टु - ३. माध्याह्निकपरिच्छेद
आध्मानानाहशूलघ्नं लवङ्गं पाचनं लघु ||५७४||
शब्दचन्द्रिका - १. वृक्षादिवर्ग
लवङ्गं देवकुसुमं श्रीसङ्गं तोयधिप्रियम् ||२१०||
मादनं रेचनं वश्यं सुपुष्पं ग्रहणीहरम् |२११|
सरस्वतीनिघण्टु - ५. चन्दनादिवर्ग
लवङ्गं देवकुसुमं भृङ्गारं भ्रमरप्रियम् ||२६|| दिव्यं चन्दनपुष्पं च श्रीपुष्पं च वरालकम् |२७|
सोढलनिघण्टु - नामसङ्ग्रह (प्रथम भाग) - ३. चन्दनादिवर्ग
लवङ्गं देवकुसुमं भृङ्गारं शेखरं लवम् |
दिव्य चन्दनपुष्पं च श्रीपुष्पं वारिसम्भवम् ||३९१||
सोढलनिघण्टु - गुणसङ्ग्रह (द्वितीय भाग) - ३. चन्दनादिवर्ग
लवङ्गकुसुमं तथा |
आध्मानश्वासशूलघ्नं विशेषाद्भुक्तपाचनम् ||३४२||
Eugenol
Acetyleugenol
Caryophyllene
Eugenin
Triterpene acid
Crategolic acid
Steroid glucoside
Tannin
Acetyleugenol
Caryophyllene
Eugenin
Triterpene acid
Crategolic acid
Steroid glucoside
Tannin
| Sl.No | Raw Material | Variant | Ratio | Quantity Required for 1000g | Unit |
|---|
| Rasa | तिक्त - Tikta - Bitter कटु - Katu - Pungent |
|---|---|
| Guna | लघु गुणम् - Laghu Gunam - Drug property which induces lightness to body तीक्ष्णम् - Tikshnam - Drug action which irritates body by its Pungent quality शीत गुणम् - Sheeta Gunam - Drug property which induces coldness and reduces heat or inflammation स्निग्ध गुणम् - Snigdha Gunam - Drug action which imparts unctuousness श्लक्ष्ण गुणम् - Shlakshna Gunam - Drug property which imparts smoothness द्रव गुणम् - Dravagunam - Drug action which imparts liquid state मृदु गुणम् - Mrudu Gunam - Drug action which imparts softness सर गुण - Saraguna - Drug action which imparts movement सूक्ष्म गुणम् - Sukshma Gunam - Drug property by virtue of which molecules of drug can eneter into minutetst spaces of body विशद गुणम् - Vishada Gunam - Drug action which cleanses the body |
| Veerya | Shita Virya |
| Vipaka | Madhura |
| Prabhava | अम्लपित्तहरम् - Amlapittaharam - Drug action which neutralizes stomach acidity and is used to relieve heartburn, indigestion, or an upset stomach |
| Anupanam | रोगोपशमन अनुपानम् - Anupana according to the diseases. | modal-content
| Sl.No. | Disease Factor | Name of the combination | Form of the combination | Reference | Combination products | Procedure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | दुस्तर ग्रहणी रोगम् (Dustara Grahani Rogam) | दाडिमाद्यं तैलम् -1 (Dadimadya Tailam -1) | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै. र. । संग्र. | ||
| 2 | अर्शस् - Arshas - Diseases with swellings and tumours at anal canal | दाडिमाद्यं तैलम् -1 (Dadimadya Tailam -1) | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै. र. । संग्र. | ||
| 3 | प्रमेहः - Prameha - Disease spectrum with increased urgency, frequency and quantity and altered quality of urine | दाडिमाद्यं तैलम् -1 (Dadimadya Tailam -1) | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै. र. । संग्र. | ||
| 4 | आयुष्यम् - Ayushyam - Pharmacological action which increases Lifespan | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 5 | स्मृतिकरम् - Smrutikaram - Memory enhancer | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 6 | मेध्य रसायनम् - Medhya Rasayanam - Intellect promoting | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 7 | बलकारक / बल्य / सामर्थ्यदायकम् - Balakaraka / Balya / Samarthyadayakam - Ergogenic , strength enhancer, Tonic | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 8 | कान्तिकारकम् / तेजस्करम् - Kantikarakam / Tejaskaram - Drug action which enhances Lusture and Glow | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 9 | वाक् प्रवर्तनम् (Vak Pravartanam - Induces Speech capacity) | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 10 | अस्पष्ट भाषणम् - Aspashta bhashanam -Diseases associated with altered pronunciation - Dysarthria | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 11 | हृद्यम् - Hrudyam - Cardiotonic Action - Cardiotonic are drugs used to increase the efficiency and improve the contraction of the heart muscle, which leads to improved blood flow to all tissues of the body. | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 12 | रसायनम् - Rasayana - Drug action which prevents old age and prolongs life with proper nourishment to the body | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 13 | वृद्धाप्य औषधम् (Vruddhapya Oushadham - Geriatric Medicine) | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 14 | ऒजस्कर (Ojaskara) | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 15 | स्वर कार्कश्यम् / वैस्वर्यम् - Svara karkashyam / Vaisvaryam - Hoarseness of voice | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 16 | स्वर्य (Svarya, Voice melody enhancer) | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 17 | रजोदोष (Rajodosha, Diseases of menstruation) | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 18 | वीर्य कृत् / वीर्य वर्धनम् - Veeryakrut / Veeryavardhanam - Stamina booster | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 19 | शुक्रदोषम् - Shukradosham - Disease spectrum which affects quality and quantity of semen | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 20 | सकल रोगहरम् / सर्व रोगहरम् - Sakala Rogaharam / Sarva Rogaharam - Drug that can be prescribed for every disease | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 21 | अतिस्निग्धम् - Atisnigdham - Excessively unctuous / Excessive adiposity | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 22 | चित्त सन्तोषम् / सौमनस्यम् - Chitta santosham / Soumansyam - State of Pleasant mind or Tranquility | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 23 | अकालमृत्युहरणम् - Akala mrutyuharanam - Pharmaceutical action which reduces the risk of Untimely death | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 24 | कार्यसिद्धि (Karyasiddhi, Success of work) | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 25 | नारीप्रियत्वम् (Nari priyatva-Androphilia, Gy | सारस्वतारिष्टम् स्वर्णयुक्तम् - Saraswatarishtam Svarnayuktam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | भै.र/रसायन | ||
| 26 | अरुचि / अरसज्ञता / अरोचकम् - Aruchi / Arasajnata / Arochakam - Hypogeusia / Loss of taste / Anorexia | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 27 | ग्रहणी रोगम् - Grahani rogam - Disease spectrum with altered digestion, absorption and excretion | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 28 | श्वासम् - Shvasam - Disease Spectrum with difficulty breathing | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 29 | गुल्म रोगम् - Gulma Rogam - Disease spectrum with various Abdominal swellings / tumours/ Cysts | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 30 | कासः - Kasa - Disease spectrum with Cough | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 31 | भगन्धर (Bhagandara, Anal fistula or diseases | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 32 | वातरोगम् /मरुत् रोगम् - Vata Rogam / Marut rogam - Disease spectrum of Movement diseases involving Musculoskeletal and Nervous System | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 33 | क्षय रोगम् / राजयक्ष्मा / शोषम् - Kshaya Rogam / Rajayakshma / Shosham - Disease spectrum with progressive emaciation or cachexia | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 34 | छर्दि - Chardi - Disease spectrum with vomiting | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 35 | पाण्डुरोगम् - Pandurogam - Disease spectrum with altered blood circulation and tissue perfusions and blood production | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 36 | अर्शस् - Arshas - Diseases with swellings and tumours at anal canal | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 37 | कामला - Kamala - Disease spectrum with yellowish discolouration ok skin, sclera, nails, yellowish to red urine and feces, altered Sensorium, burning sensations, altered digestion, weakness, emaciation, lethargy, tastelessness | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 38 | कामला - Kamala - Disease spectrum with yellowish discolouration ok skin, sclera, nails, yellowish to red urine and feces, altered Sensorium, burning sensations, altered digestion, weakness, emaciation, lethargy, tastelessness | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 39 | कुष्ठम् - Kushtha | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 40 | अल्पाग्नि / मन्दाग्नि / अग्निमान्द्यम् / अग्निसादम् - Alpagni / Mandagni / Agnimandyam / Agnisadam - Spectrum of diseases with reduced appetite, digestion and assimilation | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 41 | प्रमेहः - Prameha - Disease spectrum with increased urgency, frequency and quantity and altered quality of urine | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 42 | उदर रोगम् - Udara Rogam - Diseases with abdominal Distention due to Various Causes | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 43 | शर्कर (Ashmari) | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 44 | अश्मरि - Ashmari - Diseases with Nephrolithiasis / Renal Calculi | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 45 | मूत्रकृच्छ्र - Mutra kruchra - Disease spectrum of dysuria, oliguria | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 46 | देहपुष्टिकरम् - Deha Pushtikaram - Pharmacological action which promotes overall growth of the body / Nutritive / Nourishing | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 47 | वन्ध्या - Vandhya - Female Infertility | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 48 | शुक्रदोषम् - Shukradosham - Disease spectrum which affects quality and quantity of semen | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 49 | धातुक्षयम् - Dhatukshayam - Spectrum of diseases associated with Cachexia or loss of muscle mass | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ | ||
| 50 | बलकारक / बल्य / सामर्थ्यदायकम् - Balakaraka / Balya / Samarthyadayakam - Ergogenic , strength enhancer, Tonic | दशमूलारिष्टम् - Dashamularishtam | पुष्पकलिका - Pushpakalika - Flower buds | शा.म.१०/८७-९२ |
| Disease Factors |
|---|
| Serial Number | Title | Result |
| 1 | In the present work we assess the chemopreventive potential of aqueous infusion of clove during benzo[ a ]pyrene (BP)-induced lung carcinogenesis in strain A mice. Incidence of hyperplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma in situ evident in the carcinogen control group on the 8th, 17th and 26th weeks, respectively, were effectively reduced after treatment with clove infusion. Significant reduction in the number of proliferating cells and an increased number of apoptotic cells was also noted in these BP-induced lung lesions following clove treatment. Western blotting analysis revealed that clove infusion upregulates the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins p53 and Bax, and downregulates the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in the precancerous stages. Expression of caspase 3 and its activation by clove infusion were evident from a very early stage of carcinogenesis (eighth week). Clove infusion was also found to downregulate the expression of some growth-promoting proteins, viz, COX-2, cMyc, Hras. The observations signify the chemopreventive potential of clove in view of its apoptogenic and anti-proliferative properties. | |
| 2 | Medicinal plants are generating an ever-increasing amount of interest due to the effectiveness, low cost and minimal side-effects associated with drugs derived from them. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) (Family Myrtaceae) is one of the most important herbs in traditional medicine, having a wide spectrum of biological activity. Phytoconstituents of clove comprise of various classes and groups of chemical compounds such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, phenolics and hydrocarbon compounds. The major phytochemicals found in clove oil is mainly eugenol (70-85%) followed by eugenyl acetate (15%) and β-caryophyllene (5–12%). Their derivatives result in biological benefits such as antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic capacities. In addition to clove oil’s worldwide use as a food flavoring agent, it has also been employed for centuries as a topical analgesic in dentistry. This review presents an overview and details of the phytochemical and pharmacological investigations on the S. aromaticum. |
|
| 3 |
Antibacterial activity of Syzygium aromaticum seed: Studies on oxidative stress biomarkers and membrane permeability |
Oxidative stress and membrane permeability as mode of antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum seeds against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. The concentration of phytochemical constituents of Syzygium aromaticum was determined using gas chromatography. Syzygium aromaticum seeds contain eugenol acetate > β-carophyllene > eugenin > eugenol > methyl salicylate > β-humulene > rhamnatin > fernesol > α-copeane > β-ylangene > kaempferol > cinnamic acid > oleanolic acid > benzaldehyde > α-humulene > vanillin > α-cubebene > carvicol > benzoic acid. Syzygium aromaticum showed antimicrobial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values as 0.06 and 0.10 mg/mL respectively. Time kill susceptibility by Syzygium aromaticum at MBC values showed significant decrease in the optical density and colony-forming unit (CFU) of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Superoxide anion radical content of the bacterial cells increased significantly following exposure to the extract. In a similar vein, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities increased significantly, while the level of reduced glutathione reduced, malondialdehyde increased significantly in bacterial cells exposed to the extract. The extract at MBC also enhanced the leakage of 260 nm absorbing materials and outer membrane permeability. It is evident from the data generated from this study that aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum seeds enhanced membrane permeability and oxidative stress in Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. |
| 4 | The essential oil extracted from clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is used as a topical application to relieve pain and promote healing in herbal medicine and also finds use in the fragrance and flavouring industries. Clove oil has two major components, eugenol and β-caryophyllene, which constitute 78% and 13% of the oil, respectively. Clove oil and these components are generally recognized as ‘safe’, but the in-vitro study here demonstrates cytotoxic properties of both the oil and eugenol, towards human fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Clove oil was found to be highly cytotoxic at concentrations as low as 0.03% (v/v) with up to 73% of this effect attributable to eugenol. β-caryophyllene did not exhibit any cytotoxic activity, indicating that other cytotoxic components may also exist within the parent oil. | |
| 5 | Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Syzygium aromaticum Extract and Essential oil |
Extraction of Syzygium aromaticum powder using organic solvent (methanol) revealed the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, aldehydes, ketones, alkaloids, glycoside, steroids, carbohydrates and phenolic compounds. A total of forty-six phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in Syzygium aromaticum extract using GCFID among which are gallic acid (847.36), syringic acid (259.04), protocatechuic acid (252.29), caffeic acid (151.01), eugenin (121.30), eugenitin (101.29), P-hydroxybenzoic acid (85.04), salicyclic acid (31.84), kaempferol (30.75), quercetin (27.68), rhamnetin (21.61), phenylacetic acid (18.09), myricetin (16.67) and isohamnetin (5.07) being of significant values. The percentage yield of Syzygium aromaticum oil extracted by hydrodistillation technique and isolated with Dichloromethane was 21.20%. The major phytoconstituents present are eugenol (75.10%), eugenyl acetate (13.57%), β-caryophyllene (5.27%), limonene (1.45%) and α-terpinolene (1.12%) respectively. The antimicrobial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration) of Syzygium aromaticum oil was investigated against six microorganisms namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium spp using agar well diffusion and nutrient broth dilution techniques. Syzygium aromaticum oil showed excellent antimicrobial activity compared to ciprofloxacin and ketoconazole used as control by inhibiting both bacteria and fungi with wide zones of inhibition. |
| 6 | Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, Myrtaceae, is an evergreen tree with anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, aphrodisiac, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. This study aims to investigate the anti-breast cancer effect of extracts from leaves, stem and bark of S. aromaticum and to develop a method for preparation of betulinic acid fraction from the leaves. Betulinic acid, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid contents of the extracts were determined by HPLC. A betulinic acid fraction was prepared by simple crystallization of leaves extract and was characterized by HPLC and mass analysis. Anti-breast cancer effects were studied on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The extracts were found to contain high levels of betulinic acid particularly the leaves extract which contained 17% wt/wt. The betulinic acid fraction contains 75% betulinic acid. Cytotoxicity testing reveals high and selective cytotoxic effect of the stem extract on MCF-7 cells with IC50 33±1.6 µg/mL. Cytotoxic effect of the stem extract was due to activation of apoptotic machinery of cell death. Combination studies of stem extract with tamoxifen reveals antagonistic effect at high concentration of tamoxifen and enhancement effect at low concentration. The selective cytotoxicity of the stem extract of S. aromaticum on MCF-7 is not due to betulinic acid but due to other constituents yet to be discovered. | |
| 7 |
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?start=40&q=research+paper+on+syzizium |
Various Research Papers |
| Type | Operator | Value | Unit | Frequency | Duration | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Dosage | सूक्ष्म चूर्णम् - Sukshma Churnam - Fine Powder | <= | 3 | g | 3 times / day | 15 days | |
| Child Dosage | सूक्ष्म चूर्णम् - Sukshma Churnam - Fine Powder | <= | 1 | g | 3 times / day | 15 days |
