कर्चूरम् - 3 / शटी - 3 / सुगन्ध वचा / चन्द्रमूलिका - मूलम् - Karchuram - 3 / Shati - 3 / Sugandha Vacha / Chandramulika - Mulam
Scientific Name: Kaempferia galanga
Hindi Name: केंकुर / सुगंधित अदरक के जड - Kenkur / Sugandhit Ardrak ke Jad
English Name: Galanga / Maraba - Dried Roots
Category: Plant Parts
Sub-Category: मूलम् - Mulam - Roots
Out of Stock
Brief Description
Aromatic Root having Mucolytic properties.
चरकसंहिता - सूत्रस्थानम् - २७. अन्नपानविध्यध्यायः
रोचनो दीपनो हृद्यः सुगन्धिस्त्वग्विवर्जितः| कर्चूरः कफवातघ्नः श्वासहिक्कार्शसां हितः||१५५||
अभिधानमञ्जरी - मदनादिगणवर्ग - ३१. एलादिवर्ग
चोरक अन्ध्रो विषमो विषगन्धः षट्प्रजश्च गन्धाली | षड्ग्रन्धा दुष्पत्रो धूर्तश्च शटी विटः षडी पर्णी ||
ग्रन्थिपर्णो दौष्कुलेयस्त्वक्शरो गन्धिनी वधूः | सुगन्धमूलौषधी च सुप्रजा च निशाचरा ||
आर्द्रगन्धः पलाशश्च हर्ता पृथुपलाशिका | चोराभिधाना विज्ञेया शब्दैः पर्यायवाचकैः ||३७९||
अन्या कृष्णशटी स्यादार्षः सापुः शिवश्च शीतशिवः | शीतश्च सिद्धकालः सौम्यकरश्चेति सितगन्धः ||
सैवोच्यते बली वृन्दी धूमानलवधूः प्रिया | अजाप्रियो ग्रहावासः शिलाख्यः कृष्णचोरकः ||३८०||
अमरकोश -द्वितीयकाण्ड - १. वनौषधिवर्ग
संस्पर्शाथ शटी गन्धमूली षड्ग्रन्थिकेत्यपि | कर्चूरोऽपि पलाशोऽथ कारवेल्लः कटिल्लकः ||१५४||
कैयदेवनिघण्टु - १. ओषधिवर्ग
जीमूतमूलं कर्चूरो द्राविडो वेधमुख्यकः ||१३८८||
कार्ष्यकाप्यो गन्धमूलः काल्पको दुर्बलः सठी | कर्चूरः कटुकस्तिक्तस्तीक्ष्णो दीपनो लघुः ||१३८९||
रोचनः कटुपाकोऽस्रपित्तकृत् कफवातजित् | श्वासकासकृमिप्लीहकुष्ठार्शोव्रणगुल्मनुत् ||१३९०||
कैयदेवनिघण्टु - १. ओषधिवर्ग
गन्धालिरिका गन्धवधूर्वधूः पृथुपलाशिका | शठी सुगन्धचूडा स्यात् सोमदा सोमसम्भवा ||१३९१||
सुगन्धमूला षड्ग्रन्था सुव्रता सुगृहीतिका | सटी कच्चूरा इति भाषा प्रसिद्धा |
शठी तिक्तकटुस्तीक्ष्णा कषाया ग्राहिणी लघुः ||१३९२||
अनुष्णा मुखवैरस्यमलदौर्गन्धनाशिनी | दोषकासव्रणश्वासशूलहिध्माज्वरापहा ||१३९३||
धन्वन्तरिनिघण्टु - १. गुडूच्यादिवर्ग
शटी शठी पलाशश्च ज्ञेया पृथुपलाशिका | सुगन्धमूला गन्धाली षड्ग्रन्था सुव्रता वधूः ||६५||
चन्द्राणी चन्द्रगन्धा च दुर्विधेयेति सञ्ज्ञिता ||६६|| शटी स्यात्तिक्ततीक्ष्णोष्णा सन्निपातज्वरापहा ||६७||
कफोग्रव्रणकासघ्नी वक्त्रशुद्धिविधायिनी ||६८||
निघण्टुशेष - २. गुल्मकाण्ड
शट्यां पलाशः षड्ग्रन्था गन्धोली हिमजा वधूः | कर्चूरः सुव्रता गन्धमूली पृथुपलाशिका ||२३२||
निघण्टुशेषटीका व्याख्या (श्रीवल्लभगणि कृत)
शट रुजा-विशरण-गत्यवसादनेषु शटति शटी, अचि ङीः| केचित् षटीति मूर्धन्यादिमाहुः, शढीत्यपि, तस्याम्| पलाशाः सन्त्यस्य पलाशः, अभ्रादित्वादः| षड् ग्रन्थयोऽस्याः षड्ग्रन्था| गन्धयति-अर्दयति गन्धोली, “पिञ्छोल-कल्लोल-” [हैमोणादिसू. ४९५] इत्योले निपात्यते| हिमे जाता हिमजा| उह्यते वधूः, “वहेर्ध् च” [हैमोणादिसू. ८२२] इत्यूः| करोति कर्चूरः, “सिन्दूर-कर्चूर-पत्तूर-धत्तूरादयः” [हैमोणादिसू. ४३०] इत्यूरे निपात्यते| शोभनो(?नं) व्रतो(?तम)ऽस्याः सुव्रता| गन्धयुक्तं मूलमस्याः गन्धमूली| पृथ्वी चासौ पलाशिका च पृथुपलाशिका| आह च–
शटी षटी पलाशः स्यात् ज्ञेया पृथुपलाशिका|
सुगन्धमूला गन्धोली षड्ग्रन्था सुव्रता वधूः|| [धन्व. वर्ग १ श्लो. ६१] इति|
शटीनामानि| लोके तु ‘शढि’ इति प्रसिद्धिः||२३२||
निघण्टुशेष - २. गुल्मकाण्ड
कर्चूरे द्राविडः काल्यो वेधाग्र्यो गन्धमूलकः ||२५५||
निघण्टुशेषटीका व्याख्या (श्रीवल्लभगणि कृत)
कृन्तति त्वग्दोषं कर्चूरः, सिन्दूर-कर्चूर-पत्तूर-धत्तूरादयः [हैमोणादिसू. ४३०] इत्यूरे निपात्यते, तत्र| द्रावयति द्राविडः, विहड-कहोड- [हैमोणादिसू. १७२] इत्यडे निपात्यते| “कल्यकारी काल्यः” इति क्षीरस्वामी| वेधे अग्र्यः-श्रेष्ठो वेधाग्र्यः| गन्धयुक्तं मूलमस्य गन्धमूलः, गन्धो मूले अस्येति वा, के गन्धमूलकः| आह च–
कर्चूरको गन्धमूलो द्राविडः काल्य एव च|
वेधमुख्यो दुर्लभश्च कस्यचित् सम्मता शटी|| [धन्व. वर्ग ३ श्लो. ९४] इति|
अमरोऽपि-
कर्चूरको द्राविडकः काल्यको वेधमुख्यकः| [अमर. का. २ वर्ग ४ श्लो. १३५] इति|
एतस्य लोके कचूर इति प्रसिद्धिः||२५५||
भावप्रकाश-पूर्वखण्ड-मिश्रप्रकरण - ३. कर्पूरादिवर्ग
कर्चूर
कर्चूरो वेधमुख्यश्च द्राविडः कल्पकः शटी | कर्चूरो दीपनो रुच्यः कटुकस्तिक्त एव च |
सुगन्धिः कटुपाकः स्यात्कुष्ठार्शोव्रणकासनुत् | उष्णो लघुर्हरेच्छ्वासं गुल्मवातकफक्रिमीन् ||८०||
भावप्रकाश-पूर्वखण्ड-मिश्रप्रकरण - ३. कर्पूरादिवर्ग
शटी
शठी पलाशी षड्ग्रन्था सुव्रता गन्धमूलिका | गन्धारिका गन्धवधूर्वधूः पृथुपलाशिका ||८२||
भवेद्गन्धपलाशी तु कषाया ग्राहिणी लघुः | तिक्ता तीक्ष्णा च कटुकानुष्णास्यमलनाशिनी |
शोथकासव्रणश्वासशूलसिध्मग्रहापहा ||८३||
मदनपालनिघण्टु - ३. कर्पूरादिवर्ग
कर्चूर
कर्चूरो द्राविडो गन्धमूलको दुर्लभः शटी | कर्चूरो दीपनो रुच्यः कुष्ठार्शोव्रणमूत्रजित् |
उष्णो लघुर्जयेच्छ्वासगुल्मवातकफक्रिमीन् ||५५||
माधवद्रव्यगुण - १. विविधौषधिवर्ग
शटी वातकफश्वासकासज्वरहरी मता ||१३५||
राजनिघण्टु - ६. पिप्पल्यादिवर्ग
कर्चूर
कर्चूरो द्राविडः कार्शो दुर्लभो गन्धमूलकः | वेधमुख्यो गन्धसारो जटिलश्चाष्टनामकः ||११७||
कर्चूरः कटुतिक्तोष्णः कफकासविनाशनः | मुखवैशद्यजननो गलगण्डादिदोषनुत् ||११८||
राजवल्लभनिघण्टु - २. पौर्वाह्णिकपरिच्छेद
शटी अनुलेपनगुण
शटी वातकफश्वासकासज्वरविनाशिनी ||१४५||
सोढलनिघण्टु - नामसङ्ग्रह (प्रथम भाग) - १. गुडूच्यादिवर्ग
शट्यां शटीपलाशश्च ज्ञेया पृथुपलाशिका | सुगन्धमूला गान्धारी षड्ग्रन्था सुव्रता वधूः ||१३७||
गुडूच्यादिरयं वर्गः प्रथमः परिकीर्तितः | ऊर्ध्वाधोदोषहरणः सर्वामयविनाशनः ||२३||
सोढलनिघण्टु - नामसङ्ग्रह (प्रथम भाग) - ३. चन्दनादिवर्ग
कर्चूरे गन्धमूलश्च द्राविडः कर्ष एव च | वेधमुख्यो दुर्लभश्च कस्यचित् सम्मतः शटी ||४३२||
Ethyl-p-methoxy cinnamate
Ethyl cinnamate
Methyl cinnamate
Carene
Camphene
Borneol
P - Methoxystyrene
P - Methoxy cinnamate
P-methoxy- trans-cinnamic acid
Cinnamaldehyde
| Sl.No | Raw Material | Variant | Ratio | Quantity Required for 1000g | Unit |
|---|
| Rasa | कटु - Katu - Pungent तिक्त - Tikta - Bitter कषाय - Kashaya - Astringent |
|---|---|
| Guna | लघु गुणम् - Laghu Gunam - Drug property which induces lightness to body तीक्ष्णम् - Tikshnam - Drug action which irritates body by its Pungent quality उष्णं गुणम् - Ushna Gunam - Drug action which imparts heat स्निग्ध गुणम् - Snigdha Gunam - Drug action which imparts unctuousness श्लक्ष्ण गुणम् - Shlakshna Gunam - Drug property which imparts smoothness द्रव गुणम् - Dravagunam - Drug action which imparts liquid state मृदु गुणम् - Mrudu Gunam - Drug action which imparts softness सर गुण - Saraguna - Drug action which imparts movement सूक्ष्म गुणम् - Sukshma Gunam - Drug property by virtue of which molecules of drug can eneter into minutetst spaces of body विशद गुणम् - Vishada Gunam - Drug action which cleanses the body |
| Veerya | Ushna veerya |
| Vipaka | Katu |
| Prabhava | कफ निस्सारक - Kaphanissaraka - Expectorant/ Drug action which expels the sputum from respiratory tracts |
| Anupanam | रोगोपशमन अनुपानम् - Anupana according to the diseases. | modal-content
| Sl.No. | Disease Factor | Name of the combination | Form of the combination | Reference | Combination products | Procedure |
|---|
| Disease Factors |
|---|
| Serial Number | Title | Result |
| 1 | Medicinal importance of Kaempferia galanga L. (Zingiberaceae): A comprehensive review | Kaempferia galanga included in the Zingiberaceae family is one of the potential medicinal plants with aromatic rhizome. In traditional medicine in Asian countries, this plant is widely used by local practitioners. This plant is widely cultivated in most Southeast Asian countries such as Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. Ethyl-para-methoxycinnamate and ethyl-cinnamate are found as the main compounds in hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol extracts of K. galanga. This plant is traditionally used as an expectorant, stimulant, diuretic, carminative, and antipyretic remedy. In addition, K. galanga is used for treatment of diabetes, hypertension, cough, asthma, joint fractures, rheumatism, urticaria, vertigo, and intestinal injuries. Therefore, this study aimed to give a sneak peek view on galangal’s ethnobotany, toxicology, pharmacology, and phytochemistry |
| 2 | Antinociceptive activity of the methanolic extract of Kaempferia galanga Linn. in experimental animals | Kaempferia galanga Linn. (Zingiberaceae) presents many chemical constituents of the volatile oil extracted from the rhizome. The rhizome of Kaempferia galanga is used by people in many regions for relieving toothache, abdominal pain, muscular swelling and rheumatism. In this study we investigated the antinociceptive activity in mice and rats using acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, hot plate and tail-flick tests. The extract at test doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o. clearly demonstrated antinociceptive activity in all tests. This activity was dose- and time-dependent. The extract administered at 200 mg/kg, p.o. had a stronger antinociceptive effect than aspirin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) but less than morphine (5 mg/kg, s.c.). Naloxone (2 mg/kg, i.p.) abolished the antinociceptive action of both morphine (5 mg/kg, s.c.) and the extract (200 mg/kg, p.o.) in a similar manner. In conclusion, the methanol extract of Kaempferia galanga markedly demonstrated the antinociceptive action in experimental animals. The antinociceptive mechanisms appear to be both peripherally and centrally mediated actions and the opioid receptors are probably involved. Therefore, our studies support the use in traditional medicine of Kaempferia galanga against pain caused by various disorders. |
| 3 | Pharmacological importance of Kaempferia galanga (Zingiberaceae): A mini review | Kaempferia galanga L. belonging to the family Zingiberaceae is an endangered medicinal plant with potent medicinal activities. The leaves, rhizome and root tubers of the plant possess a number of medicinal applications. The plant is economically important and is over exploited to the extent that there is always scarcity of propagating material (rhizomes) which is the consumable part too. The present review provides broad information of Kaempferia galanga throwing light on its current status, ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Extracts of Kaempferia galanga have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-diarrheal, antibacterial, sedative, cytotoxic, insecticidal and anthelmintic properties which are reported here. |
| 4 | Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of Kaempferia galanga leaves in animal models | This study was performed to determine the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract of Kaempferia galanga leaves using various animal models. The extract, in the doses of 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, was prepared by soaking (1:10; w/v) the air-dried powdered leaves (40 g) in distilled water (dH2O) for 72 h and administered subcutaneously in mice/rats 30 min prior to the tests. The extract exhibited significant (P < 0.05) antinociceptive activity when assessed using the abdominal constriction, hot-plate and formalin tests, with activity observed in all tests occurring in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the antinociceptive activity of K. galanga extract was significantly (P < 0.05) reversed when prechallenged with 10 mg/kg naloxone. The extract also produced a significantly (P < 0.05) dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity when assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw-edema test. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that K. galanga leaves possessed antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities and thus supports the Malay’s traditional uses of the plant for treatments of mouth ulcer, headache, sore throat, etc. |
| 5 | Anticholangiocarcinoma activity and toxicity of the Kaempferia galanga Linn. Rhizome ethanolic extract | The K. galangal Linn. rhizome extract and its bioactive compound EPMC exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against human CCA tumor (CL-6) cell line. Results of toxicity testing suggest that the extract was well tolerated up to the maximum single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight and daily dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight for 30 days. The extract exhibited promising anti-CCA activity in CL6-xenografed nude mice as determined by significant inhibitory activity on tumor growth and lung metastasis, as well as prolongation of survival time. |
| 6 | In vitro antimicrobial evaluation of Kaempferia galanga L. rhizome extract | In the present study, antimicrobial activity of ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether, chloroform and aqueous extracts of Kaempferia galanga rhizome were screened aganist ten human pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pesudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae and four fungal species :Aspergillus niger, A . flavus, A.fumigatus and Candida albicans susing disc diffusion assay. All the extracts showed significant antibacterial and antifungal properties. Highest inhibition zone (21.3±0.08) was recorded for ethanolic extract against Staphylococcus aureus. |
| 7 | Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate isolated from kaempferia galanga inhibits inflammation by suppressing interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and angiogenesis by blocking endothelial functions | Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate exhibits significant anti-inflammatory potential by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and angiogenesis, thus inhibiting the main functions of endothelial cells. Thus, ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate could be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory and angiogenesis-related diseases. Rat Aortic Ring Assay; Cotton Pellet Granuloma; Tail Flick Assay; Tube Formation Assay; Cell Migration Assay; Cytokine Inhibition Assay |
| 8 | Antioxidant and antineoplastic activities of methanolic extract of Kaempferia galanga Linn. Rhizome against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells | As sources of natural products, medicinal plants bear a great interest for researcher in recent decades and this interest has increased considerably in finding naturally occurring antioxidant and antineoplastic compounds. Kaempferia galangal Linn., is an important member of medicinal flora available in Bangladesh and used traditionally for the prevention of numerous diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and antineoplastic activities of methanol extract of Kaempferia galanga rhizome (MEKGR). In vitro models and MTT assays were used to determine the antioxidant and in vitro antineoplastic properties of MEKGR. Antineoplastic effect of MEKGR against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) were assessed in vivo by evaluating the viable tumor cell count, survival time, body weight gain due to tumor burden, observing morphological changes and nuclear damage of EAC cells by fluorescence microscope and estimating hematological profiles of experimental mice. Chemical composition was also analyzed by GC–MS. Treatment with MEKGR significantly (p < 0.05) reduced viable EAC cells and weight gain and increased life span. MEKGR restored all hematological parameters, such as RBC, WBC, hemoglobin (Hb%) of EAC-bearing mice towards normal level. Membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentations were observed after treatment with MEKGR. MEKGR exhibited strong antioxidant activity. TPC (Total phenolic content) and TFC (Total flavonoid content) were found strongly correlated (P < 0.05) with antioxidant activities of MEKGR. 2-Propenoic acid, phthalic acid, palmitic acid, sandaracopimaradiene, oleic acid, octadecanoic acid, 2-[2-(4-nonylphenoxy) ethoxy] ethanol and glycidyl stearate were identified as the major constituents of MEKGR by GC–MS analysis. The overall findings of this study suggest that MEKGR may provide a natural source of antioxidant and antineoplastic activities. |
| Type | Operator | Value | Unit | Frequency | Duration | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Dosage | सूक्ष्म चूर्णम् - Sukshma Churnam - Fine Powder | <= | 3 | g | 1 times / day | 15 days | |
| Child Dosage | सूक्ष्म चूर्णम् - Sukshma Churnam - Fine Powder | <= | 1.5 | g | 1 times / day | 15 days |
